Non experimental research designs

Nonexperimental research designs: This type of research is not controlled. This type of research is typically observational. This information is grasped after the fact and known as “retrospect” because it is studying things that have already occured and sometimes more prone to bias. A journal on research study designs gives the following example: “..an investigator may be interested in the average age, sex, most common diagnoses, and other characteristics of pediatric patients being transported by air. They may be interested in the prevalence of a clinical presentation pattern or a specific symptom for a given disease. In such studies, the research question would be focused on prevalence rates, or such, rather than causality. They may propose some associations but cannot effectively prove them” (Air Medical Journal, 2007).

Some examples of nonexperimental research designs are:

  • cross      sectional study
  • case      control study
  • historical      controls
  • surveys/      questionaires
  • case      series
  • case      report

Reference:

Air Medical Journal. 2007. Research Study Designs: Non-Experimental. Retrieved from

Statistics Solutions. 2018. Research Designs: Non-experimental vs. Experimental. Retrieved from https://www.statisticssolutions.com/research-designs-non-experimental-vs-experimental/

Experimental research designs

Experimental research designs: This type of research is controlled in order to find an answer. This type of research can deliver evidence and prove a cause and its effect. Statistics Solutions states, “..they typically involve the manipulation of variables and random assignment of participants to conditions. A traditional experiment may involve the comparison of a control group to an experimental group who receives a treatment (i.e., a variable is manipulated). When done correctly, experimental designs can provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of their ability to determine causation, experimental designs are the gold-standard for research in medicine, biology, and so on” (Statistics Solutions, 2018).

Experimental research is tightly controlled and i may contain groups who are taking a placebo for instance, and the other group actually taking a medicine. An example would be testing if a medication causes birth defects. One group will take the medication while pregnant, and other group will be given a sugar pill and having them believe it is an actual medication. This can prove what happens to the actual group taking the medication and also the group not taking the medication and come to a conclusion based on results.

independent variable

Experimental research is when the researcher manipulates or controls the independent variable. Experimental research normally is used when the researcher has a specific question or hypothesis (Price et al, 2017). This is done to identify a cause and effect relationship, normally conducted with an experimental group and placebo or non-manipulated group. An example of this is to determine effects of certain medications such as pain relievers. Half of the group will receive a pain pill to manage their pain symptoms while the other half will receive a placebo pill. The expected results should be that the half who received the placebo pills did not experience pain relief. 

Non-experimental research is when the research lacks manipulation or control of the independent variable (Price et al, 2017). Variables are usually measured as they naturally occur and the researcher relies on observation and interactions through case studies, surveys, or correlations. It is also used when the conditions of the experimental research is not met. An example of this is to study if there is a correlation between crime rates and poverty levels. A researcher would not manipulate or control any variables of this research but rather would observe and take data as it naturally occurs. 

Grove, & Burns. (2011). Understanding nursing research. Retrieved from https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/product/9781455770601

Price, P. C., Jhangiani, R. S., Chiang, I. A., Leighton, D. C., & Cuttler, C. (2017, August 21). What is Non-Experimental Research. Retrieved from https://opentext.wsu.edu/carriecuttler/chapter/overview-of-non-experimental-research/

Generalizability

Sampling theory is a study of relationships existing between a population and samples drawn from the population. Sampling theory is applicable only to  random  samples . For this  purpose  the population or a universe may be defined as an aggregate of items possessing a common trait or traits.  

Example:  We may wish to draw conclusions about the percentage of defective bolts produced in a factory during a given 6-day week by examining 20 bolts each day produced at various times during the day. Note that all bolts produced in this case during the week comprise the population, while the 120 selected bolts during 6-days constitute a sample.  

Generalizability refers to the extension of a research finding as well as conclusions from the study conducted on sample population to the large population.  

Example:   W hen a person wants to find out the percentage of people who smoke in a certain country. A sample would be taken in order to represent the entire population as well as findings taken to represent the general population.    

References  

Burns, N., Grove, S. (2011).  Understanding Nursing Research, 5th Edition. [ Pageburstl ]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/978-1-4377-0750-2/ 

Bullying

Bullying in the nursing workforce has become an increasing topic of concern. Research this topic.

  • Describe reasons why bullying is a problem in nursing.
  • Provide suggestions for a new nurse who is being bullied by coworkers.
  • What is your responsibility if you see a fellow nurse being bullied?

Active Shooters

First: Compare and discuss the information in the 4 articles above (any similarities, differences, surprises).  

Next: Answer these questions on your personal experience, you can use 1st person on this part: 

  • Has your workplace prepared for an active shooter? What is the protocol? What preparations has your hospital taken?
  • What is your responsibility as a nurse caring for patients?
  • Do you feel a live active shooter drill should take place, with live gunfire? Why or why not?

financial consulting

Dumpster, Inc. is a financial consulting company that, for a fee, advises clients how to manage and invest their money. Dumpster operates in the fictitious state of New Manitoba and has more than 30 employees and more than 1,000 clients. Last year, the company grossed approximately $3.2 in revenue and its owners netted about $500,000 in profit after paying salaries and expenses.
 

In January of this year, an internal audit revealed that at least three of Dumpster’s employees were intentionally advising clients to purchase small capitalization stock that the employees held in order to drive up its value. Moreover, the same internal investigation showed two instances of employees embezzling client money and using complex spreadsheets and explanations to hide the embezzlement from the client.
 

You have been asked to come in an establish a risk assessment and mitigation strategy for Dumpster in order to remedy whatever problems have occurred until now and to try to prevent damage to the company going forward.
 

health care delivery recommendations


3 pages

Access and review the Executive Summary (pages xi-xx) of MedPAC’s Report to the Congress (2017):

MedPAC. (2017). Report to the Congress: Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System. Retrieved from http://www.medpac.gov/docs/default-source/reports/jun17_reporttocongress_sec.pdf

The executive summary provides several brief health care delivery recommendations in regard to the Medicare program. Additional information for each recommendation can be found throughout the document.

For your final SLP project, identify three MedPAC recommendations to Congress 

  1. Discuss each selected recommendation in detail.
  2. Provide rationale of their importance and associated impact in health care delivery.
  3. Hypothesize an outcome for each selected recommendation.

forms of consent


Answer to this question in one page.

You had stated “I think that the various forms of consent must be followed in the healthcare sector nowadays. This rages from informed consent where one must have all the full information before making the decision”. What suggestions do you have for “various forms”? For example, what types of forms do you feel would be appropriate in order to reach all of the various types of learning that people have? Thank you for your post!

competitive environment of a health services organization

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze the competitive environment of a health services organization and identify a course of action that will allow for strategic marketing success.
  • Analyze the users of the health care system.
  • Describe the various tools of the marketing mix available to health care providers.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in health services marketing.
  • Write clearly and concisely about health services marketing using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills.