The Statute of Frauds

The Statute of Frauds

Johnny needs to buy a lawn mower. His lawn is relatively modest, so he began looking for an affordable model. His friend, Mark, also needed a lawn mower. His yard was much larger, so he went to Johnny and said “Johnny, we both need a lawn mower.

Why don’t we go shopping and get the lawn mower together.” Johnny and Mark found a suitable lawn mower for $10,000. Johnny actually talked to the salesmen. And the salesmen agreed to extend Johnny a loan to purchase the lawn mower if Mark would orally contract to stand as a surety for Johnny if the payments were not made on time.

For two months, Mark uses the lawn mower more than anyone. But then Johnny fails to make payments and the salesman sues Mark under the oral contract. What will be the likely disposition of the case?

The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded: •Write between 500 – 750 words (approximately 2 – 3 pages) using Microsoft Word. •Attempt APA style, see example below. •Use font size 12 and 1” margins. •Include cover page and reference page. •At least 60% of your paper must be original content/writing. •No more than 40% of your content/information may come from references. •Use at least two references from outside the course material, preferably from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the two reference requirement.

Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must be identified in the paper and listed on a reference page.Reference material (data, dates, graphs, quotes, paraphrased words, values, etc.) must come from sources such as, scholarly journals found in EBSCOhost, online newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal, government websites, etc. Sources such as Wikis, Yahoo Answers, eHow, etc. are not acceptable.

Managing an IT Infrastructure Audit

Managing an IT Infrastructure Audit

This assignment consists of four (4) sections: an internal IT audit policy, a management plan, a project plan, and a disaster recovery plan. You must submit all four (4) sections as separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for. Additionally, you may create and /or assume all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

Imagine you are an Information Security Manager for a large national retailer. You have been hired to be directly responsible for the planning and oversight of IT audits. At the request of the Board of Directors, the CEO has tasked you with developing a plan for conducting regular audits of the IT infrastructure. The planning and management aspects of IT audit are critical to the overall success of the audit, and as a result, the overall success of the systems implemented within the organization. You must develop a policy for conducting IT audits and develop a project plan for conducting two week IT audits. In addition to the typical networking and Internetworking infrastructure of a medium-sized organization, the organization has the following characteristics:

They have a main office and 268 stores in the U.S. They utilize a cloud computing environment for storage and applications. Their IT infrastructure includes Cisco workgroup and core switches, Cisco routers, Cisco firewalls and intrusion prevention systems, and servers running Microsoft Windows Server 2012. They have over 1000 desktops and approximately 500 organization-owned laptops in the main headquarters. They allow employees to bring their own devices into the organization; however, they are subject to being searched upon entry and exit from the building. They enable remote access to corporate information assets for employees and limited access to extranet resources for contractors and other business partners. They enable wireless access at the main office and the stores. They process an average of 67.2 credit card transactions per hour every day at each location and via their corporate Website. Section 1: Internal IT Audit Policy Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

1. Develop an Internal IT Audit Policy, which includes at a minimum:

a. Overview b. Scope c. Goals and objectives d. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations e. Management oversight and responsibility f. Areas covered in the IT audits g. Frequency of the audits h. Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Section 2: Management Plan Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:

2. Explain the management plan for conducting IT audits, including:

a. Risk management b. System Software and Applications c. Wireless Networking d. Cloud Computing e. Virtualization f. Cybersecurity and Privacy g. BCP and DRP h. Network Security i. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Section 3: Project Plan Use Microsoft Project or an Open Source alternative, such as Open Project to:

3. Develop a project plan which includes the applicable tasks for each of the major areas listed below for each element of the IT audit mentioned above; plan for the audit to be a two (2) week audit.

a. Risk management b. System software and applications c. Wireless networking d. Cloud computing e. Virtualization f. Cybersecurity and privacy g. Network security

Section 4: Disaster Recovery Plan Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:

4. Develop a disaster recovery plan (DRP) for recovering from a major incident or disaster affecting the organization.

a. The organization must have no data loss. b. The organization must have immediate access to organizational data in the event of a disaster. c. The organization must have critical systems operational within 48 hours. d. Include within the DRP the audit activities needed to ensure that the organization has an effective DRP and will be able to meet the requirements stated above. e. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Quality Assurance and Auditing Standards

Quality Assurance and Auditing Standards

Describe the actions an organization needs to execute in order to improve their quality assurance and auditing processes within the organization. Create a list of at least five (5) auditing best practices for organizations to follow when implementing their quality assurance auditing programs. Select the auditing best practices you feel are most difficult to implement and offer means of addressing them.Describe the actions an organization needs to execute in order to improve their quality assurance and auditing processes within the organization. Create a list of at least five (5) auditing best practices for organizations to follow when implementing their quality assurance auditing programs. Select the auditing best practices you feel are most difficult to implement and offer means of addressing them.

Advantages and disadvantages of debt

Assignment 1: Client Letter

Imagine that you are a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) with a new client who needs an opinion on the most advantageous capital structure of a new corporation. Your client formed the corporation in question to provide technology to the medical profession to facilitate compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Your client is very excited because of the ability to secure several significant contracts with sufficient capital.

Use the Internet and college’s databases to research the advantages and disadvantages of debt for capital formation versus equity for capital formation of a corporation. Prepare a formal letter to the client using the six (6) step tax research process in Chapter 1 and demonstrated in Appendix A of your textbook as a guide.

Write a one to two (1-2) page letter in which you:

1.Compare the tax advantages of debt versus equity capital formation of the corporation for

the client.

2.Recommend to the client whether he / she should use debt or equity for capital formation of the new corporation, based on your research. Provide a rationale for the response.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

•Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

•Analyze tax issues regarding corporate formations, capital structures, income tax, non-liquidating distributions, or other corporate levies.

•Use technology and information resources to research issues in organizational tax research and planning.

•Write clearly and concisely about organizational tax research and planning using proper writing mechanics.

Accounting Issues

Assignment 2 Litigation, Censures, and Fines – Accounting Issues

Research the Internet for recent litigation, censures, and fines involving national public accounting firms.  Examples of litigation cases against national public accounting firms include fines by regulatory authorities and censures by professional societies.

Write a three pages paper in which you:

  1. Analyze the primary accounting issues which form the crux of the litigation or fine for the firm, and indicate the impact to the firm as a result of litigation or fine. Provide support for your rationale.
  2. Examine the key inferences of corporate ethics related to internal controls and accounting principles which lead to the litigation or fine for the accounting firm.
  3. Evaluate the primary ethical standards of the accounting organization’s leadership and values which contributed to approval of the accounting issues and thus created the litigation or fines in question.
  4. Identify specific conduct violations committed by the organization and accounting firm in question. Next, create an argument supporting the actions against the organization and accounting firm, based on the current professional code of conduct for independent auditors and management accountants.
  5. Make a recommendation as to how regulators and professional societies may prevent this type of behavior in question for the future. Provide support for your rationale.
  6. Use two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze business situations to determine the appropriateness of decision making in terms of professional standards and ethics.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in accounting.
  • Write clearly and concisely about accounting using proper writing mechanics.

Corporate Fraud Schemes

Corporate Fraud Schemes

Identify an organization that was involved in corporate fraud. Explain how fraud can be detected and evaluate the importance of teamwork and leadership in a fraud investigation.

For this assignment, research the Internet or Strayer databases and identify an organization that was involved in corporate fraud.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

1- Based on your research, identify and assess the fraud that occurred in the organization and the impact it has had on the corporation’s investors and creditors. Provide support for your rationale.

2- Suggest how a financial forensic investigation could have detected fraud in the organization that you researched. Consider the risk factors, the elements of fraud, and the analysis of competing hypotheses.

3- Evaluate how teamwork and leadership is an effective tool for financial forensic investigations. Provide support for your evaluation.

4- Assess the role of research in fraud examinations and financial forensics professions. Give your opinion on whether or not fraud examinations and financial forensics professions can have long-term success without continuous research in the field. Provide support for your rationale.

Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.

Efficiency Improvements

Fiscal Controls System Evaluation Flow Diagram and Flow Chart Efficiency Improvements

Part 1: Fiscal Controls

Payroll Controls

Describe how internal controls are used to prevent errors or fraudulent acts in the payroll cycle.

· Provide specific examples of the most effective internal controls for each of following parts of the payroll cycle:

o Authorizing and modifying the payroll master file.

o Recording and verifying time worked by employees.

o Preparing paychecks.

o Distributing paychecks.

General Ledger

Describe common general ledger errors and discuss the circumstances under which these errors can occur. Be certain to address each of the following issues related to the general ledger:

· Data integrity of routine journal entry transactions.

· Creation of journal entries by the treasurer for non-routine transactions.

· Data availability.

· Data security for reporting processes.

· Data integrity for decision-making processes.

Part 2: System Evaluation

Analyze the selected company and design for specific internal controls procedure or procedures that would be most effective in preventing the previously identified types of errors in the company’s general ledger.

Flow Diagram and Flow Chart

Evaluate business activities and information processing discussed in the YYY scenario. Represent your data using the following:

· A data flow diagram.

· A system flow chart.

Efficiency Improvements

Describe opportunities for efficiency improvement using information technology. Then, design a comprehensive set of control procedures that address potential threats in the following areas:

· Product design.

· Planning and scheduling.

· Production operations.

· Cost accounting.

Support the choices you made in creating your control procedures with relevant resources. Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message. Your writing should be formatted according to APA style.

Airvalue Airways Strategic Planning

ACC 420 Module 5 Assignment 1 LASA 2 Airvalue Airways Strategic Planning

Airvalue Airways is a regional carrier whose strategy is to expand gradually as they can identify routes that offer an attractive return on the investment necessary to support successful coverage of the route.  As part of this expansion, the company is planning to buy a new plane in the upcoming fiscal year. The purchasing department has narrowed the choice down to two models.  One is the A220 which is manufactured in Europe.  The other plane is the G435 which is built in the United States.  The two aircraft have similar profiles. However, the locally-built G435 is significantly more expensive to purchase.

The A220 has an expected life of 5 years, will cost $90 million and its use will produce net operating cash inflows of $30 million per year. The G435 has a life of 10 years, will cost $128 million, and its use will produce net operating cash inflows of $25 million per year.  Airvalue plans to serve the route for 10 years. When they need to purchase a new A220 at the end of five years, the cost will be $115 million net after allowing for salvage value of the used plane.  Net operating cash inflows will remain at $30 million throughout the second five years.  At the end of 10 years, salvage value of the G435 and of the second A220 are expected to be about the same at approximately $500,000 each.

As the company’s CFO you are to provide the financial analysis that will be considered by the strategic planning executive committee during evaluation of this expansion alternative.  Your plan is to use a capital budgeting approach to the analysis in order to best assure that the decision will result in maximization of wealth for the company’s stockholders.  You also want to convert the entire committee to the concept that capital budgeting should be used as the main tool for the financial analysis of capital expenditure alternatives.

The company uses the historical difference in returns between the S&P 500 and the Treasury bond rates of 7% as their estimated market risk premium.   The current yield to maturity on a 10-year Treasury bond is 6.2%.  Airvalue Airways’ common-stock equity beta is estimated as 1.40.

Airvalue’s capital structure is 58% common stock, 32% preferred stock and 10% long-term debt.  An 8.8% after tax cost of debt has been determined and the cost of preferred stock is 12%.

Your task is to:

  1. Describe for other members of the strategic planning committee the role that capital budgeting should play in corporate strategic management.
  2. Explain why the NPV and IRR capital budgeting tools are superior to the accounting rate of return and simple payback techniques for determining the attractiveness of capital investment opportunities.
  3. Use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to identify the cost of common stock.
  4. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm’s existing capital structure.
  5. Calculate the net present value (NPV) for each plane model using the company’s WACC as the hurdle rate.
  6. Recommend which plane should be purchased and justify your recommendation.
  7. Discuss the need to manage implementation of the project so that the higher returns can be realized.  Include the strategic management keys to protecting the project from competitive forces that would erode the earning power of the project and jeopardize realization of the projected rate of return on the investment.

To complete this assignment, you must submit a 6-8 page paper that addresses the seven elements of the task as listed above and exhibits your calculations of the cost of common stock, the weighted average cost of capital, and the NPV for each plane along with an explanation of the calculations.

The paper must be submitted as a Word document and it must follow APA style guidelines.

Assignment 1 Grading Criteria

Maximum Points

Described the role that capital budgeting should play in corporate strategic management.

32

Explained why NPV and IRR are superior to the accounting rate of return and simple payback techniques for determining the attractiveness of capital investment opportunities.

28

Calculated the cost of common stock using the Capital Asset Pricing Model.

28

Calculated the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the firm’s existing capital structure.

28

Calculated the net present value (NPV) for each plane using the company’s WACC as the hurdle rate.

36

Explained all calculations.

28

Recommended which plane should be purchased and justified the recommendation.

32

Described the need to manage implementation of the project and the strategic management keys to the realization of the projected rate of return on investment.

28

Written Components:

Style (8 points): Tone, audience, and word choice

Organization (16 points): Introduction, transitions, and conclusion

Usage and Mechanics (16 points): Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure

APA Elements (24 points): In text citations and references, paraphrasing, and appropriate use of quotations and other elements of style

60

Total:

300

ABC Manufacturing Company

ACC 206 Week 5 Final Paper ABC Manufacturing Company

You’ve just been hired onto ABC Company as the corporate controller. ABC Company is a manufacturing firm that specializes in making cedar roofing and siding shingles. The company currently has annual sales of around $1.2 million, a 25% increase from the previous year. The company has an aggressive growth target of reaching $3 million annual sales within the next 3 years. The CEO has been trying to find additional products that can leverage the current ABC employee skillset as well as the manufacturing facilities.

As the controller of ABC Company, the CEO has come to you with a new opportunity that he’s been working on. The CEO would like to use the some of the shingle scrap materials to build cedar dollhouses. While this new product line would add additional raw materials and be more time-intensive to manufacture than the cedar shingles, this new product line will be able to leverage ABC’s existing manufacturing facilities as well as the current staff. Although this product line will require added expenses, it will provide additional revenue and gross profit to help reach the growth targets. The CEO is relying on you to help decide how this project can be afforded  Provide details about the estimated product costs, what is needed to break even on the project, and what level of return this product is expected to provide.

In order to help out the CEO, you need to prepare a six- to eight-page report that will contain the following information (including exhibits, but excluding your references and title page). Refer to the accompanying Excel spreadsheet (available through your online course) for some specific cost and profit information to complete the calculations.

Operating income

Andre’s Hair Styling

Andre has asked you to evaluate his business, Andre’s Hair Styling. Andre has five barbers working for him. (Andre is not one of them.) Each barber is paid $9.90 per hour and works a 40-hour week and a 50-week year, regardless of the number of haircuts. Rent and other fixed expenses are $1,750 per month. Hair shampoo used on all clients is .40 per client. Assume that the only service performed is the giving of haircuts (including shampoo), the unit price of which is $12. Andre has asked you to find the following information.

  1. Find the contribution margin per haircut. Assume that the barbers’ compensation is a fixed cost. Show calculations to support your answer.
  2. Determine the annual break-even point, in number of haircuts. Support your answer with an appropriate explanation. Show calculations to support your answer.
  3. What will be the operating income if 20,000 haircuts are performed? Show calculations to support your answer.
  4. Suppose Andre revises the compensation method. The barbers will receive $4 per hour plus $6 for each haircut. What is the new contribution margin per haircut? What is the annual break-even point (in number of haircuts)? Show calculations to support your answer.