What conclusions do you draw about the effectiveness of imagery in improving the learning and performance of sport skills from comparing the literature findings with your experience?

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Submit your response to the question to the appropriate Discussion Area by the due date assigned. Through the end of the module, comment on the responses of others.

You will be attempting two discussion questions in this module worth 28 points each.

Discussion Question 1ImageryDescribe how you have used imagery as an athlete and/or for what purposes you have taught imagery as a coach to athletes. How are the ways you have used imagery similar or different to the ways athletes typically use imagery as presented in this module? 

Based on your experiences, what do you believe is the most effective way to use imagery to enhance sport performance?Evaluation Criteria for Discussion Question Response:Described how you have used imagery as an athlete and/or coach. 

[4 points]
Compared and contrasted the ways you have used imagery with the ways presented in the module.

 [4 points]
Described the most effective way to use imagery substantiated with examples from personal/professional experience. 

[8 points]Discussion Question 2Mental Rehearsal of Sports Skills

The research on imagery has shown that the mental rehearsal of sport skills has a small but significant effect on the actual performance of the skills. In other words, when research participants imagine performing a sport skill, they typically perform the skill better than those research participants that do not. 

However, Moran (2004) pointed out that relatively few of these studies have used athletes as participants. 

Most of the studies have been laboratory vs. field experiments or have used simple skills (such as dart throwing) vs. complex skills (such as golf swing), and the psychological mechanisms underlying the positive effects of imagery have not been adequately explained. 

What conclusions do you draw about the effectiveness of imagery in improving the learning and performance of sport skills from comparing the literature findings with your experience? 

What would you recommend to create a valid study about mental rehearsal?

Evaluation Criteria for Discussion Question Response:

Described conclusions. Discussed your conclusion about the effectiveness of imagery in improving the learning and performance of sports skills. 

[8 points]Recommended how the effectiveness of mental rehearsal might be more effectively studied. 

[8 points]All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.

Assignment 1 Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsDiscussion Question Response:

Please see specific evaluation criteria listed below each discussion question.

16×2Discussion Participation: Participated in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with rationale, challenging a point of discussion, or making a relationship between one or more points of the discussion.

4x2While responding, justified ideas and responses by using appropriate examples and references from texts, Web sites, and other references or personal experience.

4x2Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources, displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

4×2Total:56

What are some of the ways that families can cope with the loss of a loved one and how can grief counseling help?

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What are some of the major issues related to death and dying for those nearing old age? How does age impact ones views of death?

What are some of the ways that families can cope with the loss of a loved one and how can grief counseling help?

Has research demonstrated that it positively or negatively effects a child’s cognitive development?

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Gleason, J. B., & Ratner, N. B. (2017). The development of language (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

  • Chapter 5, “Putting Words Together:      Comprehension and Production of Morphology and Syntax in the Preschool      Years” (pp. 104–136)

Baby Sign Language. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.babysignlanguage.com/

Center for Speech and Language Pathology. (n.d.). Early morphological development. Retrieved January 31, 2016, from http://www.speechtherapyct.com/whats_new/Early%20Morphological%20Development.pdf 

Nelson, L. H., White, K. R., & Grewe, J. (2012). Evidence for website claims about the benefits of teaching sign language to infants and toddlers with normal hearing. Infant and Child Development, 21(5), 474–502. doi:10.1002/icd.1748

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Stratton-Kehl Publications. (2017). Baby sign language. Retrieved from https://www.drjosephgarcia.com/

Pizer, G., Walters, K., & Meier, R. P. (2007). Bringing up baby with baby signs: Language ideologies and socialization in hearing families. Sign Language Studies, 7(4), 387–430. doi:10.1353/sls.2007.0026 

Speech language pathologists, special educators, and related providers working with children with language delays, hearing impairments, or other variables that affect typical language development use empirically supported strategies to increase language skills and teach sign languages. These strategies may have implications for typically developing children as well. Research suggests that before a baby’s first word, his or her receptive (listening and comprehension) language skills are more developed compared to productive (speech) skills. Tomasello (2003) writes that infants use gestures before they can speak, sometimes even using a combination of word and gesture before they can express multiple-word utterances. Although infants’ cognitive development limits language production at this point, and there are also physical limitations related to vocal cord development, what if the understanding and gesturing ability they do have could be harnessed and augmented through instruction?

Some researchers who work with signed languages have explored their use with hearing infants in this in-between stage to increase infants’ ability to communicate with caregivers. There are several commercially available products of adapted sign language that parents can use to teach their infants. From a practical perspective, this application has the potential to decrease guessing what infants need or want (e.g., if a child can sign that her diaper is wet). Researchers are also interested in learning whether there are cognitive or language development benefits to children that first learn to sign.

For this Discussion, you consider the potential benefits and limitations of using sign language with hearing infants.

To prepare:

· Review the two websites on baby sign language in this week’s Learning Resources. Both are commercial products for parents and other caregivers to use when implementing signing with hearing infants.

· Perform research in the Walden Library and other reputable academic sources to research the effectiveness of baby signing as well as its effects on verbal language and cognitive development.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4

Post an argument either for or against the use of “baby signs” with infants. Justify your argument by providing evidence from the literature about the effects of baby sign language on verbal language development and cognitive development. Does it help or hinder a child’s language development? Has research demonstrated that it positively or negatively effects a child’s cognitive development?

Explain how this data informs the language development of this child

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The beginnings of oral language develop from birth. However, during the preschool years, the child’s language growth makes great strides, and language acquisition is one of the young child’s most amazing accomplishments. Vocabulary increases rapidly from a few hundred words to several thousand during the preschool years. Oral language also develops from one or two word utterances to complex expressions of abstract thought. The development of verbal communication follows a predictable and somewhat erratic pattern. Language growth is influenced by family situations and by the society in which the child lives. Other variables also influence the young child’s speech and language, such as intelligence, sex, and overall health. Children with higher intelligence, from middle and upper socioeconomic background and who live in educationally stimulating environments, exhibit greater verbal skills than children from more impoverished environments (Reynolds & Ortony, 1980).

As a child matures, and the vocabulary size continues to grow, sentence length, called mean length of utterance (MLU) (Brown, 1973), also increases. The child uses grammatical rules more accurately, and more complex uses of the parts of speech emerge. The child’s language use also reflects the cognitive and social growth occurring at the same time. Another influence is the amount of verbal interaction the child has with his or her parent or caregiver, as the child responds to both the social and language experience and expertise of another person.

For this Assignment, you examine the expressive vocabulary of a preschooler to determine his/her language development.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on lexical and morphological language development in children.

· Review the questions in the “Examining Vocabulary Development” document to familiarize yourself with the requirements of the Assignment. Then, analyze one of the Child Language Sample videos in the Learning Resources using the document.

The Assignment (2–3 pages):

Submit a 2- to 3-page paper in which you do the following:

· Identify which video you selected. Calculate the MLU of the child in the video using the guiding questions in the “Examining Vocabulary Development” document and the MLU normative chart.

· Explain how this data informs the language development of this child.

· Based on what you have learned so far, how does this child’s vocabulary development correspond with normative development?

Resources for this week’s answer, Please use

Gleason, J. B., & Ratner, N. B. (2017). The development of language (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

  • Chapter 5, “Putting Words Together:      Comprehension and Production of Morphology and Syntax in the Preschool      Years” (pp. 104–136)

Baby Sign Language. (2017). Retrieved from http://www.babysignlanguage.com/

Center for Speech and Language Pathology. (n.d.). Early morphological development. Retrieved January 31, 2016, from http://www.speechtherapyct.com/whats_new/Early%20Morphological%20Development.pdf 

Nelson, L. H., White, K. R., & Grewe, J. (2012). Evidence for website claims about the benefits of teaching sign language to infants and toddlers with normal hearing. Infant and Child Development, 21(5), 474–502. doi:10.1002/icd.1748

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Stratton-Kehl Publications. (2017). Baby sign language. Retrieved from https://www.drjosephgarcia.com/

Pizer, G., Walters, K., & Meier, R. P. (2007). Bringing up baby with baby signs: Language ideologies and socialization in hearing families. Sign Language Studies, 7(4), 387–430. doi:10.1353/sls.2007.0026 

Describe an aspect of your development that differs from a parent’s of grandparent’s when he or she was your age.

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Describe an aspect of your development that differs from a parent’s of grandparent’s when he or she was your age. Using influences highlighted by the lifespan perspective, explain this difference in development.

Q2) 

Using the textbook for guidance, but in your own words, what are teratogens?  Identify at least five teratogens and describe their effects on the developing embryo.  Finally, what advice would you give to expectant mothers about their behaviors while pregnant, based on your new knowledge of teratogens?  You may use additional sources (such as other websites) in your description and advice. 

Q3)

Please watch this brief video clip of Baillargeon’s study of babies using the violation-of-expectation method to test object permanence.

SAF – The Magic Years.m4v 

You can certainly watch the entire video, but the clip you need to complete this assignment starts at minute 5:26 and ends at minute 9:05, so that is the only segment you are required to watch.

After viewing, please answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think babies of different ages respond differently to this experiment?

2. Do Baillargeon’s results support or refute Piaget’s theory of Sensorimotor Stages? Please offer specific support for your opinion.

Please remember to cite your sources.

Number of Pages: 2

Write each question and answer the response to that question.

Deadline: 8 hours

How did each respond to European incursions on their lands?

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Compare and contrast hunting- versus agricultural- based tribes. How did each respond to European incursions on their lands? Using specific details, which group was better suited to sustain this significant change? Just need 125 words.

Discuss the motivations for English colonization of America.

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Read John Winthrop “A Model of  Christian Charity.” John Winthrop Defines the Puritan Ideal of Community, as well Dewar’s article on England’s joint stock companies. Discuss the motivations for English colonization of America. Identify a particular group or colony and discuss the political, economic, or social reasons behind their coming to the New World. Explain. 

What are some strengths and challenges of Beck’s Depression Scale for assessing emotional status?

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What are some strengths and challenges of Beck’s Depression Scale for assessing emotional status? Do you feel that this scale is a good method to assess emotional status? Why or why not? Provide specific examples to support your position.

What are the main points/concepts of attachment theory as described in the article?

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What are the main points/concepts of attachment theory as described in the article?

2)    What type of attachment issues is Will dealing with in the movie? Provide at least 5 specific scene descriptions/interactions that support your position.

3)    How do attachment styles change? Did this happen in the movie? How?

How would you apply Adler’s theory of birth order to this personality?

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As we have seen this week when looking at both psychoanalytic and neo-psychoanalytic theory, much of our mental health and success in adulthood is related to the events and relationships of our childhood. Much like Freud, Alfred Adler believed that childhood events are pivotal for the adult. For Adler, his pivotal childhood events were the development of rickets which kept him from walking until the age of four and contracting a near-fatal case of pneumonia at age five. These events served to inculcate a lifelong ambition which centered around his becoming a physician in order to focus on the curing of deadly diseases.

According to Alfred Adler, all people have moments when they feel inferior. For many, such moments will lead them to strive to compensate for that weakness. When this happens, it leads to what he calls “superiority striving,” in which the person is motivated by his or her feelings of inferiority to overcome and strive for betterment, achievement, and perfection.

It is important to note that superiority striving is different from simply striving for power. Adler considered this an unhealthy desire because the sole goal is power. The way that someone strives to meet his or her goals from an Adlerian point of view is referred to as a style of life.

Adler is also known for his study of birth order and its impact on personality.Research Adler’s theory using your textbook, the Internet, and the Argosy University online library resources. Based on your research, respond to the following:

  • Choose a social or political leader (current or past) to examine through an Adlerian framework of superiority striving and style of life.
    • Superiority Striving
      • What might be the motivation behind this leader’s career choice, according to Adler’s theory? What was this person’s perceived inferiority or weakness? How did this person obtain his or her high level of superiority striving? For example, Franklin Roosevelt’s bout with polio may have been responsible for some of his motivation.
    • Style of Life
      • What was his/her goal and unique style of life that could be used to achieve this goal? What steps did this person take to overcome their perceived inferiority?
      • Did this leader act out of social interest or for personal gain? What was the long-term outcome of his/her striving?
    • Birth Order
      • How would you apply Adler’s theory of birth order to this personality?

Format your paper so it is double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman font, and with normal one-inch margins. Include a title page with a running head, an abstract, and a reference page. Do this for all the papers for this course.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc.

By the due date assigned, deliver your assignment to the Submissions Area.

Assignment 3 Grading CriteriaMaximum
PointsIdentified a socio-political leader and evaluated the leader’s motivation for superiority striving.32Analyzed the leader’s style of life by identifying his/her goals, achievements,
actions, and goals and discussed the long-term outcomes of these.32Applied Alder’s theory of birth order to the leader’s personality development.16Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate
representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.20Total:100